Wheat cultivar HY 319-SWW and compositions and methods of using the same

ABSTRACT

A wheat cultivar designated HY 319-SWW is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds and plants of wheat cultivar HY 319-SWW, and to methods for producing wheat seeds and plants by crossing wheat cultivar HY 319-SWW with itself or another wheat cultivar or wheat plant not designated a cultivar. The invention also relates to methods for producing seeds and plants of wheat cultivar HY 319-SWW containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic wheat plants and plant parts produced by those methods. The invention also relates to methods for producing seeds and plants by mutagenesis of wheat cultivar HY 319-SWW. The invention also relates to hybrid wheat seeds and plants produced by crossing wheat cultivar HY 319-SWW with another wheat cultivar.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 61/539,665 filed on Sep. 27, 2011, the entire contents of which areincorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

This invention relates generally to developing a wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) cultivar, and more specifically to a wheat cultivardesignated HY 319-SWW and uses thereof.

BACKGROUND

Wheat is an important crop as a food staple and nutritional agent, andhas been domesticated for about 10,000 years. In 2007, world productionof wheat was 607 million tons, which makes wheat the third most-producedcereal after maize and rice. Wheat grain is a staple food used to makeflour for leavened, flat, and steamed breads, biscuits, cookies, cakes,breakfast cereal, pasta, noodles, couscous, and for fermentation to makebeer, alcohol, vodka, or biofuels. Wheat is also planted to a limitedextent as a feed and/or forage crop for livestock and as a constructionmaterial for roofing thatch.

Wheat is divided into five main market classes, which includes thecommon wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) classes: hard red winter, hard redspring, soft red winter, soft and hard white, and durum (Triticumturgidum L.). Common wheats are used in numerous food products, such asbread, cookies, cakes, crackers, and noodles. In general, the hard wheatclasses are milled into flour used for breads and the soft wheat classesare milled into flour used in products, such as pastries, crackers,breakfast cereals, and soup thickeners. Wheat starch can be used in thefood and paper industries, as laundry starches, and in other products.

White wheat contains the same healthy levels of whole grain fiber thatred wheat does, but does not have as strong a flavor or dark color.White wheat may be actually golden in color. It tastes sweeter and islighter than its hard red wheat counterparts. White wheat is plantedlike red wheat, grows like red wheat, and produces similar yields to redwheat. The difference between red and white wheat is the color of theseed coat. The differences between hard and soft white wheat are foundmainly in the end products for which they are used; soft white has alower protein level than hard white. Thus, soft white wheat is usedmainly for bakery products other than bread. Examples include pastries,cakes, and cookies. Soft white wheat is also used for cereals, flatbreads, and crackers.

Hard white wheat can be used for the same products as hard red wheat.Hard white wheat is used, for example, in whole-wheat andhigh-extraction flour applications. Bakers like it because hard whitewheats are excellent for use in the bread making industry. Because ithas a naturally sweeter flavor, bakers can use less sweeteners.International customers prefer it for at least two reasons: 1) higherextraction of white wheat flour while maintaining its bright whitecolor; and 2) most white wheat gives better color stability in Asian wetnoodles. Hard white wheat can be used as an ingredient for all yeastbreads, Artisan breads, Asian noodles, tortillas, pizza crusts,breadsticks, flatbreads, quick breads, and more.

In order to fulfill their demands, flour millers must choose amongavailable wheat cultivars grown in different regions, depending uponsoil and climate characteristics, and having different millingproperties. For example, soft red winter wheats are typically grown inOhio, Indiana, and areas of the Southeastern U.S. Meanwhile, soft whitewheats are generally grown in the Pacific Northwest and Michigan. Hardred winter wheats are primarily grown in Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, andTexas. Hard wheats typically have higher gluten strength properties thatare better suited for bread baking than soft wheats. Therefore,commercial bread bakers are generally biased in favor of flours madeprimarily from hard wheat cultivars, and these cultivars are demanded bymillers accordingly.

Currently, red wheat is more readily available in the United States thanwhite wheat. Production of hard white wheat in the United States was onless than 2 million acres in 2006. Hard red wheats are characterized bya relatively strong wheat flavor that consumers may not want for wholewheat bread products. Red wheat also has a distinctive bitter taste dueto the tannins and phenolic compounds in the bran that many consumersfind unpleasant, and which is offset in the final baking product by thepresence of expensive sweeteners. Moreover, red wheats will have a redcolor in the intact wheat kernel and its outer layers. The distinct redhue of whole wheat flour milled from hard red wheat cultivars may beproblematic for bread products like whole wheat croissants and Danishrolls that consumers typically associate with a white hue. Furthermore,bran separated from hard red wheat cultivars is generally only suitablefor animal feeds, and therefore is less valuable to the miller thanbrans derived from white wheat cultivars that may be used in breakfastcereals and other bran products consumed by humans. Red wheat also mayhave lower milling performance compared to white wheat, because asignificantly higher extraction rate may be used with white wheatwithout sacrificing flour color.

Wheat breeders continually develop stable, high yielding wheat cultivarsthat are agronomically sound and have good grain quality for itsintended use. To accomplish this goal, the wheat breeder must select anddevelop wheat plants that have the traits that result in superiorcultivars. These selection processes, which ultimately lead to themarketing and distribution of the wheat cultivar, can take many yearsfrom the time the first cross is made. Development of new wheatcultivars is therefore a time-consuming process that requires preciseforward planning, efficient use of resources, and a minimum of changesin direction.

Choice of breeding or selection methods depends on the mode of plantreproduction, the heritability of the trait(s) being improved, and thetype of cultivar used commercially; e.g., F₁ hybrid cultivar, pure-linecultivar, etc. For highly heritable traits, a choice of superiorindividual plants evaluated at a single location can be effective,whereas for traits with low heritability, selection may be based on meanvalues obtained from replicated evaluations of families of relatedplants. Popular selection methods commonly include pedigree selection,modified pedigree selection, mass selection, and recurrent selection.

Pedigree breeding can be used for the improvement of self-pollinatingcrops. Two parents that possess favorable, complementary traits arecrossed to produce an F₁. An F₂ population is produced by selfing orsibbing one or several F₁ so selection of the best individuals may beginin the F₂ population; then, beginning in the F₃, the best individuals inthe best families are selected. Replicated testing of families can beginin the F₄ generation to improve the effectiveness of selection fortraits with low heritability. At an advanced stage of inbreeding (i.e.,F₅, F₆ and F₇), the best lines or mixtures of phenotypically similarlines are tested for potential release as new cultivars.

Backcross breeding is used to transfer genes for simply inherited,qualitative traits from a donor parent into a desirable homozygouscultivar that is utilized as the recurrent parent. The source of thetraits to be transferred is called the donor parent. After the initialcross, individuals possessing the desired trait or traits of the donorparent are selected and then repeatedly crossed (backcrossed) to therecurrent parent. The resulting plant is expected to have the attributesof the recurrent parent (e.g., cultivar) plus the desirable trait ortraits transferred from the donor parent. This approach has been usedextensively for breeding disease resistant varieties.

Another breeding method that can be utilized is single-seed descent.This procedure in the strict sense refers to planting a segregatingpopulation, harvesting a sample of one seed per plant, and using theone-seed sample to plant the next generation. When the population hasbeen advanced from the F2 to the desired level of inbreeding, the plantsfrom which lines are derived will each trace to different F2individuals. The number of plants in a population declines eachgeneration due to failure of some seeds to germinate or some plants toproduce at least one seed. As a result, not all of the F2 plantsoriginally sampled in the population will be represented by a progenywhen generation advance is completed. In a multiple-seed procedure,wheat breeders commonly harvest one or more spikes (heads) from eachplant in a population and thresh them together to form a bulk. Part ofthe bulk is used to plant the next generation and part is put inreserve. The procedure has been referred to as modified single-seeddescent. The multiple-seed procedure has been used to save labor atharvest. It is considerably faster to thresh spikes with a machine thanto remove one seed from each by hand for the single-seed procedure. Themultiple-seed procedure also makes it possible to plant the same numberof seeds of a population each generation of inbreeding. Enough seeds areharvested to make up for those plants that did not germinate or produceseed.

Bulk breeding can also be used. In the bulk breeding method an F2population is grown. The seed from the populations is harvested in bulkand a sample of the seed is used to make a planting the next season.This cycle can be repeated several times. In general when individualplants are expected to have a high degree of homozygosity, individualplants are selected, tested, and increased for possible use as avariety.

The production of doubled haploids can also be used for the developmentof homozygous lines in the breeding program. Doubled haploids areproduced by the doubling of a set of chromosomes (1N) from aheterozygous plant to produce a completely homozygous individual. Thiscan be advantageous because the process omits the generations of selfingneeded to obtain a homogygous plant from a heterozygous source. Variousmethodologies of making doubled haploid plants in wheat have beendeveloped.

Although most commercial wheat production is from pure-line inbredcultivars, hybrid wheat is also grown. Hybrid wheat is produced with thehelp of cytoplasmic male sterility, nuclear genetic male sterility, orchemicals. Various combinations of these three male-sterility systemshave been used in the production of hybrid wheat.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The following embodiments are described in conjunction with systems,tools and methods that are meant to be exemplary and illustrative, andnot limiting in scope. The present technology provides seeds of softwhite winter wheat cultivar designated HY 319-SWW, representative seedof cultivar HY 319-SWW deposited under American Type Culture Collection(ATCC) Patent Deposit Designation No: PTA-13627. The present technologycan also provide compositions and methods that include use, or operateon, or are derived from HY 319-SWW. Such technology includes seeds of HY319-SWW, whole plants and portions of plants of HY 319-SWW, and methodsfor producing a wheat plant by crossing HY 319-SWW with another wheatplant. These methods further include developing other wheat cultivars orbreeding lines derived from HY 319-SWW and compositions that include thewheat cultivars or breeding lines produced by those methods. Creation ofvariants, by mutagenesis or transformation of HY 319-SWW, is alsoprovided. The present compositions and methods can also relate totransgenic backcross conversions of HY 319-SWW. This invention alsorelates to methods for developing other wheat varieties or breedinglines derived from wheat variety HY 319-SWW and to wheat varieties orbreeding lines produced by those methods. Products include flour andother refined or isolated materials derived from cultivar HY 319-SWW.For example, these include edible products such as baked goods, cereals,pastas, beverages, livestock feeds, energy products such as biofuels,and further include non-edible products such as wheat straw andconstruction materials produced from HY 319-SWW.

Other embodiments can include methods for producing F₁ wheat seedscomprising crossing a wheat plant of the invention with a differentwheat plant and harvesting the resulting F₁ wheat seed. Additionalembodiments can include a method of producing a male-sterile wheat plantcomprising transforming the wheat plant with a nucleic-acid moleculethat confers male sterility. Yet another embodiment can include methodsof producing an herbicide or insect resistant wheat plant comprisingtransforming the wheat plant with a transgene that confers herbicide orinsect resistance.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description of the invention is merely exemplary in natureof the subject matter, manufacture, and use of the invention, and is notintended to limit the scope, application, or uses of the specificinvention claimed in this application or in such other applications asmay be filed claiming priority to this application, or patents issuingtherefrom. The following definitions and non-limiting guidelines must beconsidered in reviewing the description of the technology set forthherein.

A wheat cultivar or variety needs to be highly homogeneous, homozygousand reproducible to be useful as a commercial cultivar. Throughout thisapplication cultivar and variety may be used interchangeably. There aremany analytical methods available to determine the homozygoticstability, phenotypic stability, and identity of these varieties.

The oldest and most traditional method of analysis is the observation ofphenotypic traits. The data is usually collected in field experimentsover the life of the wheat plants to be examined. Phenotypiccharacteristics most often observed are for traits such as seed yield,head configuration, glume configuration, seed configuration, lodgingresistance, disease resistance, maturity, etc.

In addition to phenotypic observations, the genotype of a plant can alsobe examined. There are many laboratory-based techniques available forthe analysis, comparison and characterization of plant genotype; amongthese are Gel Electrophoresis, Isozyme Electrophoresis, RestrictionFragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Randomly Amplified PolymorphicDNAs (RAPDs), Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR), DNAAmplification Fingerprinting (DAF), Sequence Characterized AmplifiedRegions (SCARs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), SimpleSequence Repeats (SSRs) which are also referred to as Microsatellites,and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Gel electrophoresis isparticularly useful in wheat. Wheat cultivar identification is possiblethrough electrophoresis of gliadin, glutenin, albumin and globulin, andtotal protein extracts (Bietz, J. A., pp. 216-228, “Genetic andBiochemical Studies of Nonenzymatic Endosperm Proteins” In Wheat andWheat Improvement, ed. E. G. Heyne, 1987).

The cultivar of the invention has shown uniformity and stability for alltraits, as described in the following cultivar description information.It has been self-pollinated a sufficient number of generations, withcareful attention to uniformity of plant type to ensure homozygosity andphenotypic stability. The line has been increased with continuedobservation for uniformity.

Molecular markers can be used to confirm such cultivar. These includetechniques such as Starch Gel Electrophoresis, Isozyme Eletrophoresis,Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Randomly AmplifiedPolymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction(AP-PCR), DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF), Sequence CharacterizedAmplified Regions (SCARs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms(AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), and Single NucleotidePolymorphisms (SNPs) may be used in plant breeding methods. One use ofmolecular markers is Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping. QTL mappingis the use of markers, which are known to be closely linked to allelesthat have measurable effects on a quantitative trait. Selection in thebreeding process is based upon the accumulation of markers linked to thepositive effecting alleles and/or the elimination of the markers linkedto the negative effecting alleles from the plant's genome.

Molecular markers can also be used during the breeding process for theselection of qualitative traits. For example, markers closely linked toalleles or markers containing sequences within the actual alleles ofinterest can be used to select plants that contain the alleles ofinterest during a backcrossing breeding program. The markers can also beused to select for the genome of the recurrent parent and against themarkers of the donor parent. Using this procedure can minimize theamount of genome from the donor parent that remains in the selectedplants. It can also be used to reduce the number of crosses back to therecurrent parent needed in a backcrossing program (Openshaw et al.Marker-assisted Selection in Backcross Breeding. In: ProceedingsSymposium of the Analysis of Molecular Marker Data, 5-6 Aug. 1994, pp.41-43. Crop Science Society of America, Corvallis, Oreg.). The use ofmolecular markers in the selection process is often called GeneticMarker Enhanced Selection.

Wheat cultivar HY 319-SWW is a soft white winter wheat. Cultivar HY319-SWW demonstrates outstanding yield potential, very good leaf rust,very good winter hardiness, and very good pastry characteristics.Cultivar HY 319-SWW is particularly adapted to the Northern soft wheatregion of the United States and Southern Canada.

Wheat cultivar HY 319-SWW 3, being substantially homozygous, can bereproduced by planting seeds of the line, growing the resulting wheatplants under self-pollinating or sib-pollinating conditions, andharvesting the resulting seed, using techniques familiar to theagricultural arts.

Definitions of Plant Characteristics

In order to facilitate discussion of the various embodiments of theinvention, the following explanations of specific terms are provided:

Allele. Any of one or more alternative forms of a gene, all of whichrelate to one protein, trait, or characteristic. In a diploid cell ororganism, the two alleles of a given gene occupy corresponding loci onthe homologous chromosomes.

Awn. The elongated needlelike appendages on the flower- and seed-bearing“head” at the top of the cereal grain plant (e.g., wheat, common wheat,rye). Awnletted means having short awns (awnlets) and apically awnlettedmeans the awnlets are only on the upper (apical) portion of the spike.

Awn attitude. When present, the orientation of awns; visually determinedas Appressed or Spreading relative to the spike.

Awn color. When present, the color of the awns; visually determined tobe White, Light Brown, Brown, or Black.

Awn length in relation to spike. When present, the relative length ofthe awns compared to the length of the spike to which they are attached;visually determined to be Shorter, Equal, or Longer than the spike.

Backcrossing. The process of introducing a gene or trait from a donorparent by crossing it to a recurrent parent, then repeatedly crossingprogeny from each of several generations to the recurrent parent torecover a high proportion of the recurrent-parent genotype as well asthe introduced gene or trait.

Cell. Includes a plant cell, whether isolated in tissue culture orincorporated in a plant or plant part.

Chaff color at maturity. The color of the dry protective casings of theseeds of cereal grain; visually determined as White, Yellow, LightBrown, Brown, Red, Purple, or Other Specified.

Coleoptile: anthocyanin coloration. The intensity of anthocyanincoloration in wheat coleoptiles 2 to 6 days after germination; visuallydetermined to be Absent, Reddish, Purple, or Mixed.

Color of lower leaf blade. A description of the color of the lower leafblade; visually determined to be Light Green, Medium Green, Dark Green,or Blue Green.

Culm. A stem of a wheat plant.

Culm shape of neck at maturity. The shape of the culm at maturity;visually determined to be Straight or Curved.

Culm waxiness of upper internode. The degree of waxiness along the culm;visually determined to be Absent, Slight, or Pronounced.

Culm pubescence of upper internode. The small hairs covering the culm;visually determined to be Glabrous, Slightly Pubescent, or StronglyPubescent.

Deoxynivalenol (DON). Commonly referred to as vomitoxin, DON is amycotoxin that may be produced in wheat and barley grain infected byFusarium head blight (FHB) or scab. DON is measured in parts-per-million(PPM) using gas chromatography mass spectrometry on grain samplesharvested from a screening nursery.

Disease Resistance. The ability of plants to restrict the activities ofa specified pest, such as an insect, fungus, virus, or bacterium.

Disease Tolerance. The ability of plants to endure a specified pest(such as an insect, fungus, virus or bacterium) or an adverseenvironmental condition and still perform and produce in spite of thisdisorder.

Drought tolerance. The relative ability of the wheat plant to developand yield grain in dry conditions; visually determined to be Not Tested,Poor, Fair, or Good.

Embryo (germ). The tissue contained within a mature seed that developsinto the plant upon germination.

Flag leaf. The last leaf produced upon the culm.

Flag-leaf attitude. The angle of the flag leaf relative to the culm;visually determined to be Drooping, Intermediate, or Upright.

Flag-leaf auricle. Clasping appendage located at the junction of aflag-leaf sheath and the blade; hooks the sheath to the stem.

Flag-leaf auricles anthocyanin coloration. Visually determined to beAbsent or Present.

Flag-leaf auricles pubescence of margins. A description of hairs on themargin of the flag-leaf auricle; visually determined to be Glabrous,Slightly Pubescent, or Strongly Pubescent.

Flag-leaf color. A description of the color of the flag leaf; visuallydetermined to be Light Green, Medium Green, Dark Green, or Blue Green.

Flag-leaf curvature. A description of the shape of the flag leaf;visually determined to be Rectilinear, Slightly Recurved, Recurved,Strongly Recurved, or Very Strongly Recurved.

Flag-leaf length. The length of the flag leaf; visually determined to beShort, Medium, or Long.

Flag-leaf pubescence of blade. A description of hairs (trichomes) on theflag-leaf blade; visually determined to be Glabrous, Slightly Pubescent,or Strongly Pubescent.

Flag-leaf sheath pubescence. A description of hairs (trichomes) on theflag-leaf sheath; visually determined to be Glabrous, SlightlyPubescent, or Strongly Pubescent.

Flag-leaf sheath waxy bloom. A description of the waxiness on thesurface of the flag-leaf sheath; visually determined to be Absent,Slight, or Pronounced.

Rag-leaf waxiness of lower side of blade. A description of the waxinesson the lower surface of the flag-leaf blade; visually determined to beAbsent, Slight, or Pronounced.

Rag-leaf width. The width of the flag leaf; visually determined to beNarrow, Medium, or Wide.

Flour ash. Ash content after incineration is an indication of the yieldand performance that can be expected during milling by indirectlyrevealing the amount of bran; expressed as a percentage of the initialsample weight on a common moisture basis such as 14%.

Fusarium head blight. A fungal disease caused by the fungus Fusariumgraminearum characterized by tan or brown discoloration at the base of afloret with the spikelets of the head. As the infections progresses, thediseased spikelets become light tan or bleached and infected kernels areoften shriveled, white, and chalky.

Gene. A segment of nucleic acid that codes for a protein. A gene can beintroduced into a genome of a species from a different species usingtransformation.

Gene Converted (conversion). Plants that are developed by backcrossing,genetic engineering, or mutation wherein essentially all of the desiredmorphological and physiological characteristics of a variety arerecovered in addition to the one or more traits (genes) transferred intothe variety via backcrossing, genetic engineering, or mutation.

Genotype. The genetic constitution of a cell or organism.

Germ (embryo). The tissue contained within a mature seed that developsinto the plant upon germination.

Germ (embryo) shape. The shape of the germ; visually determined asRound, Oval, or Other Specified.

Germ (embryo) size. The relative size of the germ; visually determinedas Small, Midsize, or Large.

Glabrous. Free of hair or down, smooth.

Glaucosity (Glaucous). Covered with a greyish, bluish, or whitish waxycoating (bloom) that is easily rubbed off.

Glume. The dry protective casings (bracts) of the seed attached to thespikelet in grasses.

Grain ash. Ash content after incineration is an indication of the yieldand performance that can be expected during milling by indirectlyrevealing the amount of bran; expressed as a percentage of the initialsample weight on a common moisture basis such as 14%.

Grain protein. Percentage protein content of the wheat grain at 13.5%moisture content; measured as nitrogen (×5.7), freed by pyrolysis andsubsequent combustion at high temperature in pure oxygen, quantified bythermal conductivity detection (AACC method 46-30).

Head (spike). The group of spikelets at the top of one plant stem.

Heading. The formation of the spike.

Juvenile growth habit. The angle formed by the outer leaves and thetillers at the 4-leaf stage assessed visually as Erect, Semi-erect,Intermediate, Semi-prostrate, or Prostrate.

Kernel cheek shape. The shape of the outer surface of a wheat kernel;visually determined to be Rounded, Slightly Angular, or Angular.

Kernel color. The outer color of the kernel; visually determined to beWhite, Light Red, Medium Red, Dark Red, Amber, Purple, or OtherSpecified.

Kernel crease depth. The depth of the crease in a wheat kernel; visuallydetermined to be Shallow, Mid-deep, Deep, Pitted, or Other Specified.

Kernel crease width. The width of the crease in a wheat kernel; visuallydetermined to be Narrow, Midwide, or Wide.

Kernel hardness. Average hardness of a sample of 300 kernels; measuredby pressure force using the Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS)and expressed as an index of −20 to 120.

Kernel length. The length of a wheat kernel; visually determined to beShort, Medium, or Long.

Kernel length of brush hairs. The length of the hairs (brush) on the endof a wheat kernel; visually determined to be Short, Medium, or Long.

Kernel phenol color reaction. The color of the seed; visually determinedto be Ivory, Fawn, Light Brown, Brown, Black, or Mixed Specifiedassessed 4 hours after applying a 1% phenol solution to the outside ofthe kernel.

Kernel shape. The shape of the kernel; visually determined to be Oval,Ovate, Elliptical, or Other Specified.

Kernel size. The shape of the kernel; visually determined to be Small,Medium, Large, or Very Large.

Kernel size of brush. The overall size of the brush on the end of awheat kernel; visually determined to be Small, Medium, or Large.

Kernel type. The type of kernel determined by its milling and bakingproperties to be Soft White, Soft Red, Hard White, Hard Red, or OtherSpecified.

Kernel Weight. The weight of individual kernals (also called seeds). Ingeneral, the weight in grams of one thousand kernels; also known as“1000 Kernel Weight”.

Kernel width. The width of the kernel at its mid-section; visuallydetermined to be Narrow, Medium, or Wide.

Leaf rust. A fungal disease caused by Puccinia triticina characterizedby small brown pustules on the leaf blades in a random scatterdistribution. Onset of the disease is slow but accelerated intemperatures above 15° C., making it a disease of the mature cerealplant in summer.

Linkage. Wherein two loci are physically located on the same chromosome.

Linkage Disequilibrium. Wherein alleles at two or more linked locisegregate from parent to offspring together at a frequency that isgreater than expected if they segregated independently.

Locus (plural loci). A location on a chromosome that may geneticallycode for one or more traits such as male sterility, herbicide tolerance,insect resistance, disease resistance, waxy starch, modified fatty acidmetabolism, modified phytic acid metabolism, modified carbohydratemetabolism, and modified protein metabolism. The trait may be, forexample, conferred by a naturally occurring gene introduced into thegenome of the variety by backcrossing, a natural or induced mutation, ora trans gene introduced through genetic transformation techniques.

Lodging. The bending or breakage of the plant stem, or the tilting ofthe plant; visually determined at harvest to be 0 to 9 where zero is nolodging and nine is complete lodging.

Lower glume. The outer glume on a spikelet.

Lower-glume beak length. The length of the tip (beak) of the lower glumeon a spikelet; visually determined to be Short, Medium, or Long.

Lower-glume internal imprint. A clearly marked area caused by thepressure of the external surface of the lemma. They are distinguished asdark shadowy areas between the veins or nerves which run from the baseof the glume to the beak and shoulder margins and are classified asAbsent, Small, Medium, or Large.

Lower-glume length. The length of the lower glume; visually determinedto be Short, Medium, or Long.

Lower-glume pubescence. A description of hairs on the lower glumeextending from the beak along and across the lower glume; visuallydetermined to be Glabrous, Slightly Pubescent, or Strongly Pubescent.

Lower-glume shape of beak. The shape of the tip (beak) of the lowerglume; visually determined to be Obtuse, Acute, or Acuminate.

Lower-glume shape of shoulder. The shape of the shoulder on the lowerglume; visually determined to be Wanting, Oblique, Rounded, Square,Elevated, Apiculate)

Lower-glume shoulder width. The width of the shoulder on the lowerglume; visually determined to be Narrow, Medium, or Wide.

Lower-glume width. The width of the lower glume; visually determined tobe Narrow, Medium, or Wide.

Maturity. The stage of plant growth at which the development of thekernels is complete.

Pedigree Distance. Relationship among generations based on theirancestral links as evidenced in pedigrees. May be measured by thedistance of the pedigree from a given starting point in the ancestry.

Plant. An immature or mature whole plant, including a plant from whichseed or grain or anthers have been removed. A seed or embryo that willproduce the plant is also considered to be the plant.

Plant Height. The average height in inches centimeters of a group ofplants, as measured from the ground to the tip of the head, excludingawns.

Plant Parts. Includes but is not limited to protoplasts, callus, leaves,stems, roots, root tips, anthers, pistils, seed, grain, pericarp,embryo, pollen, ovules, cotyledon, hypocotyl, spike, floret, awn, lemma,shoot, tissue, petiole, cells, meristematic cells and the like.

Powdery mildew. A fungal disease caused by Erysiphe graminis f. sp.tritici, it is characterized by a powdery white to gray fungal growth onleaves, stems, and heads during cool, humid weather. As the plantmatures, the white powdery growth changes to a grey-brown color.

Pre-harvest sprouting. The premature germination of wheat seeds so thatthe embryo starts growing while still on the head in the field; visuallydetermined to be Not Tested, Low, Medium, or High.

Progeny. An F₁ wheat plant produced from the cross of two wheat plants.Progeny further includes, but is not limited to, subsequent generationalcrosses with the recurrent parental line including F₂, F₃, F₄, F₅, F₆,F₇, F₈, and F₉.

Pubescence on blades of lower leaves. A description of hairs on theblades of lower leaves; visually determined to be Glabrous, SlightlyPubescent, or Strongly Pubescent.

Pubescence on sheaths of lower leaves. A description of hairs on thesheaths of lower leaves; visually determined to be Glabrous, SlightlyPubescent, or Strongly Pubescent.

Rachis. The main axis of the inflorescence, or spike, of wheat and othercereals, to which the spikelets are attached.

Rachis pubescence of margins. A description of hairs on the margins ofthe rachis; visually determined to be Glabrous, Slightly Pubescent, orStrongly Pubescent.

Regeneration. Regeneration refers to the development of a plant fromtissue culture.

SDS sedimentation. A small scale chemical test for wheat flour whichpredicts gluten strength. Results are reported in millimeters. Valuesabove 100 are typical for hard wheat and values below 100 are typicalfor soft wheat.

Septoria tritici leaf blotch. A disease of wheat, common wheat, anddurum wheat characterized by irregularly shaped blotches that are atfirst yellow and then turn reddish brown with grayish brown dry centers,caused by the rust fungus, Septoria tritici. Also known as “speckledleaf blotch”

Shattering. The detachment of grain from the plant before harvest;visually determined to be Not Tested, Poor, Fair, or Good.

Spike (head). The cluster of grain found on a single stem of a wheatplant.

Spike attitude at maturity. The angle of the spike at maturity; visuallydetermined to be Erect (upright to 30°), Inclined (30° to 90°), orNodding)(>90°.

Spike awnedness. The type of awn on the spike; visually determined to beAwnless, Apically Awnletted, Awnletted, or Awned.

Spike color at maturity. The color of the spike when the wheat plant hasmatured to dryness; visually determined to be White, Red to Brown,Purple to Black, or Other Specified.

Spike density. The density of the spikelets within the spike; visuallydetermined to be Lax, Medium, or Dense.

Spike length excluding awns. The relative length of the spike, excludingawns; visually determined on the first tiller to be Short, Medium, orLong.

Spike shape. The shape of the spike; visually determined to be Tapering,Oblong, Clavate, Fusiform, or Other Specified.

Spike waxy bloom. The glaucosity of the spike; visually determined to beAbsent, Slight, or Pronounced.

Spikelet. Small inflorescence bearing one or more florets (smallflowers) along with a set of miniature bractlike leaves (glumes).

Stem color at maturity. The color of the stem when the wheat plant hasmatured to dryness; visually determined to be White, Yellow, Brown,Purple, or Other Specified.

Straw anthocyanin coloration at maturity. The relative amount ofanthocyanin coloration in the straw at maturity; visually determined tobe Absent, Medium, or Strong.

Straw pith. A description of the pith in a cross section of the stemhalfway between the base of spike and the stem node below; visuallydetermined to be Hollow, Thick Walled, or Solid.

Stripe Rust. A disease of wheat, common wheat, durum wheat, and barleycharacterized by elongated rows of yellow spores on the affected parts,caused by a rust fungus, Puccinia striifarmis. Resistance to thisdisease is scored on a scale that reflects the observed extent of thedisease on the leaves of the plant. In ratings on a scale of 0 to 9, 0indicates no lesions or production of spores, 1 indicates a trace oflesions or spores, 2 indicates a resistant reaction, 3 a moderatelysusceptible reaction, 4 to 8 increasing degrees of susceptibility, and 9indicates the plants are dead because of the infection.

Test Weight. A measure of density that refers to the weight in pounds ofgrain kernels contained in one Avery bushel unit of volume. Avery bushelallows for grain compaction.

Tillering capacity at low densities. The relative amount of tilleringproduced at low planting densities; visually determined to be Low orHigh.

White wheat. Wheat varieties sufficiently white to allow discriminationfrom red wheats and meet grain classification standards. Whiteness maybe measured either subjectively or objectively. A subjective minimumgrain color standard for hard white wheat was established by the FederalGrain Inspection Service of USDA-GIPSA in 1990, when hard white wheatwas officially recognized as a unique market class in the United States.The color standard was based on a grain sample for the hard white wheatcultivar “Klasic,” produced in California. However, this color standardwas waived in 1994 when numerous samples of “Klasic” were found withgrain darker than the officially accepted standard. From 1994 to 1999,an interim classification procedure was used based on cultivar identityand production origin. The degree of “whiteness” of a given wheat may beempirically determined using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), usingthe visible-near-infrared wavelength range (570-1098 nm). Thiswavelength range is the same used by protein-testing NIRS instruments atgrain receiving and shipping points. The resulting “Minolta L* value”provide a measurement of whiteness; the higher the Minolta L* value, thegreater is the degree of whiteness. Klasic standard white wheat wasfound to have an L* value of 41.35. Peterson et al. (2001) Euphytica119:101-6.

Winter survival. Amount of survival of winter wheat; visually determinedin the spring to be Poor, Fair, or Good.

Further reproduction of the wheat cultivar HY 319-SWW can occur bytissue culture and regeneration. Tissue culture of various tissues ofwheat and regeneration of plants therefrom is well known and widelypublished. A review of various wheat tissue culture protocols can befound in “In Vitro Culture of Wheat and GeneticTransformation-Retrospect and Prospect” by Maheshwari et al. (CriticalReviews in Plant Sciences, 14(2):149-178, 1995). Thus, another aspect ofthis invention is to provide cells which upon growth and differentiationproduce wheat plants capable of having the physiological andmorphological characteristics of wheat cultivar HY 319-SWW.

As used herein, the term plant parts includes plant protoplasts, plantcell tissue cultures from which wheat plants can be regenerated, plantcalli, plant clumps, and plant cells that are intact in plants or partsof plants, such as embryos, pollen, ovules, pericarp, seed, flowers,florets, heads, spikes, leaves, roots, root tips, anthers, and the like.

Numerous methods for plant transformation have been developed, includingbiological and physical, plant transformation protocols. See, forexample, Mild et al., “Procedures for Introducing Foreign DNA intoPlants” in Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Glick,B. R. and Thompson, J. E. Eds. (CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, 1993) pages67-88. In addition, expression vectors and in vitro culture methods forplant cell or tissue transformation and regeneration of plants areavailable. See, for example, Gruber et al., “Vectors for PlantTransformation” in Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology,Glick, B. R. and Thompson, J. E. Eds. (CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton,1993) pages 89-119.

The most prevalent types of plant transformation involve theconstruction of an expression vector. Such a vector comprises a DNAsequence that contains a gene under the control of or operatively linkedto a regulatory element, for example a promoter. The vector may containone or more genes and one or more regulatory elements.

Various genetic elements can be introduced into the plant genome usingtransformation. These elements include but are not limited to genes;coding sequences; inducible, constitutive, and tissue specificpromoters; enhancing sequences; and signal and targeting sequences.

A genetic trait which has been engineered into a particular wheat plantusing transformation techniques, could be moved into another line usingtraditional breeding techniques that are well known in the plantbreeding arts. For example, a backcrossing approach could be used tomove a transgene from a transformed wheat plant to an elite wheatvariety and the resulting progeny would comprise a transgene. As usedherein, “crossing” can refer to a simple X by Y cross, or the process ofbackcrossing, depending on the context. The term “breeding cross”excludes the processes of selfing or sibbing.

With transgenic plants according to the present invention, a foreignprotein can be produced in commercial quantities. Thus, techniques forthe selection and propagation of transformed plants, which are wellunderstood in the art, yield a plurality of transgenic plants which areharvested in a conventional manner, and a foreign protein then can beextracted from a tissue of interest or from total biomass. Proteinextraction from plant biomass can be accomplished by known methods whichare discussed, for example, by Heney and Orr, Anal. Biochem. 114: 92-6(1981).

By means of the present invention, agronomic genes can be expressed inplants of the present invention. More particularly, plants can begenetically engineered to express various phenotypes of interest.Exemplary genes implicated in this regard include, but are not limitedto, those categorized below:

1. Genes that Confer Resistance to Pests or Disease and that Encode:

A. Plant disease resistance genes. Plant defenses are often activated byspecific interaction between the product of a disease resistance gene(R) in the plant and the product of a corresponding avirulence (Avr)gene in the pathogen. A plant cultivar can be transformed with clonedresistance genes to engineer plants that are resistant to specificpathogen strains. See, for example, Jones et al., Science 266:789 (1994)(cloning of the tomato Cf-9 gene for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum);Martin et al., Science 262:1432 (1993) (tomato Pto gene for resistanceto Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato encodes a protein kinase); Mindrinoset al., Cell 78:1089 (1994) (Arabidopsis RSP2 gene for resistance toPseudomonas syringae).

B. A gene conferring resistance to a pest, such as soybean cystnematode. See e.g., PCT Application WO 96/30517; PCT Application WO93/19181.

C. A Bacillus thuringiensis protein, a derivative thereof or a syntheticpolypeptide modeled thereon. See, for example, Geiser et al., Gene48:109 (1986), who disclose the cloning and nucleotide sequence of a Btδ-endotoxin gene. Moreover, DNA molecules encoding δ-endotoxin genes canbe purchased from American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Va., forexample, under ATCC Accession Nos. 40098, 67136, 31995 and 31998.

D. A lectin. See, for example, the disclosure by Van Damme et al., PlantMolec. Biol. 24:25 (1994), who disclose the nucleotide sequences ofseveral Clivia miniata mannose-binding lectin genes.

E. A vitamin-binding protein such as avidin. See PCT applicationUS93/06487. The application teaches the use of avidin and avidinhomologues as larvicides against insect pests.

F. An enzyme inhibitor, for example, a protease or proteinase inhibitoror an amylase inhibitor. See, for example, Abe et al., J. Biol. Chem.262:16793 (1987) (nucleotide sequence of rice cysteine proteinaseinhibitor); Huub et al., Plant Molec. Biol. 21:985 (1993) (nucleotidesequence of cDNA encoding tobacco proteinase inhibitor I); Sumitani etal., Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 57:1243 (1993) (nucleotide sequence ofStreptomyces nitrosporeus .alpha.-amylase inhibitor); and U.S. Pat. No.5,494,813 (Hepher and Atkinson, issued Feb. 27, 1996).

G. An insect-specific hormone or pheromone such as an ecdysteroid orjuvenile hormone, a variant thereof, a mimetic based thereon, or anantagonist or agonist thereof. See, for example, the disclosure byHammock et al., Nature 344:458 (1990), of baculovirus expression ofcloned juvenile hormone esterase, an inactivator of juvenile hormone.

H. An insect-specific peptide or neuropeptide which, upon expression,disrupts the physiology of the affected pest. For example, see thedisclosures of Regan, J. Biol. Chem. 269:9 (1994) (expression cloningyields DNA coding for insect diuretic hormone receptor); and Pratt etal., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 163:1243 (1989) (an allostatin isidentified in Diploptera puntata). See also U.S. Pat. No. 5,266,317 toTomalski et al., who disclose genes encoding insect-specific, paralyticneurotoxins.

I. An insect-specific venom produced in nature by a snake, a wasp, etc.For example, see Pang et al., Gene 116:165 (1992), for disclosure ofheterologous expression in plants of a gene coding for a scorpioninsectotoxic peptide.

J. An enzyme responsible for a hyperaccumulation of a monoterpene, asesquiterpene, a steroid, hydroxamic acid, a phenylpropanoid derivativeor another non-protein molecule with insecticidal activity.

K. An enzyme involved in the modification, including thepost-translational modification, of a biologically active molecule; forexample, a glycolytic enzyme, a proteolytic enzyme, a lipolytic enzyme,a nuclease, a cyclase, a transaminase, an esterase, a hydrolase, aphosphatase, a kinase, a phosphorylase, a polymerase, an elastase, achitinase and a glucanase, whether natural or synthetic. See PCTapplication WO 93/02197 in the name of Scott et al., which discloses thenucleotide sequence of a callase gene. DNA molecules which containchitinase-encoding sequences can be obtained, for example, from the ATCCunder Accession Nos. 39637 and 67152. See also Kramer et al., InsectBiochem. Molec. Biol. 23:691 (1993), who teach the nucleotide sequenceof a cDNA encoding tobacco hornworm chitinase; and Kawalleck et al.,Plant Molec. Biol. 21:673 (1993), who provide the nucleotide sequence ofthe parsley ubi4-2 polyubiquitin gene.

L. A molecule that stimulates signal transduction. For example, see thedisclosure by Botella et al., Plant Molec. Biol. 24:757 (1994), ofnucleotide sequences for mung bean calmodulin cDNA clones; and Griess etal., Plant Physiol. 104:1467 (1994), who provide the nucleotide sequenceof a maize calmodulin cDNA clone.

M. A hydrophobic moment peptide. See PCT application WO 95/16776(disclosure of peptide derivatives of Tachyplesin which inhibit fungalplant pathogens) and PCT application WO 95/18855 (teaches syntheticantimicrobial peptides that confer disease resistance).

N. A membrane permease, a channel former or a channel blocker. Forexample, see the disclosure of Jaynes et al., Plant Sci. 89:43 (1993),of heterologous expression of a cecropin-β, lytic peptide analog torender transgenic tobacco plants resistant to Pseudomonas solanacearum.

O. A viral-invasive protein or a complex toxin derived therefrom. Forexample, the accumulation of viral coat proteins in transformed plantcells imparts resistance to viral infection and/or disease developmenteffected by the virus from which the coat protein gene is derived, aswell as by related viruses. See Beachy et al., Ann. rev. Phytopathol.28:451 (1990). Coat protein-mediated resistance has been conferred upontransformed plants against alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus,tobacco streak virus, potato virus X, potato virus Y, tobacco etchvirus, tobacco rattle virus and tobacco mosaic virus. Id.

P. An insect-specific antibody or an immunotoxin derived therefrom.Thus, an antibody targeted to a critical metabolic function in theinsect gut would inactivate an affected enzyme, killing the insect. Cf.Taylor et al., Abstract #497, Seventh Int'l Symposium on MolecularPlant-Microbe Interactions (Edinburgh, Scotland) (1994) (enzymaticinactivation in transgenic tobacco via production of single-chainantibody fragments).

Q. A virus-specific antibody. See, for example, Tavladoraki et al.,Nature 366:469 (1993), who show that transgenic plants expressingrecombinant antibody genes are protected from virus attack.

R. A developmental-arrestive protein produced in nature by a pathogen ora parasite. Thus, fungal endo α-1,4-D-polygalacturonases facilitatefungal colonization and plant nutrient release by solubilizing plantcell wall homo-α-1,4-D-galacturonase. See Lamb et al., Bio/Technology10:1436 (1992). The cloning and characterization of a gene which encodesa bean endopolygalacturonase-inhibiting protein is described by Toubartet al., Plant J. 2:367 (1992).

S. A developmental-arrestive protein produced in nature by a plant. Forexample, Logemann et al., Bio/Technology 10:305 (1992), have shown thattransgenic plants expressing the barley ribosome-inactivating gene havean increased resistance to fungal disease.

2. Genes that Confer Resistance to an Herbicide:

A. An herbicide that inhibits the growing point or meristem, such as animidazolinone or a sulfonylurea. Exemplary genes in this category codefor mutant ALS and AHAS enzyme as described, for example, by Lee et al.,EMBO J. 7:1241 (1988); and Miki et al., Theor. Appl. Genet. 80:449(1990), respectively.

B. Glyphosate (resistance conferred by, e.g., mutant5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPs) genes (via theintroduction of recombinant nucleic acids and/or various forms of invivo mutagenesis of native EPSPs genes), aroA genes and glyphosateacetyl transferase (GAT) genes, respectively), other phosphono compoundssuch as glufosinate (phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) genesfrom Streptomyces species, including Streptomyces hygroscopicus andStreptomyces viridichromogenes), and pyridinoxy or phenoxy proprionicacids and cyclohexones (ACCase inhibitor-encoding genes), See, forexample, U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,835 to Shah, et al. and U.S. Pat. No.6,248,876 to Barry et. al., which disclose nucleotide sequences of formsof EPSPs which can confer glyphosate resistance to a plant. A DNAmolecule encoding a mutant aroA gene can be obtained under ATCCaccession number 39256, and the nucleotide sequence of the mutant geneis disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,769,061 to Comai. European patentapplication No. 0 333 033 to Kumada et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 4,975,374to Goodman et al., disclose nucleotide sequences of glutamine synthetasegenes which confer resistance to herbicides such as L-phosphinothricin.The nucleotide sequence of a PAT gene is provided in Europeanapplication No. 0 242 246 to Leemans et al., DeGreef et al.,Bio/Technology 7:61 (1989), describe the production of transgenic plantsthat express chimeric bar genes coding for PAT activity. Exemplary ofgenes conferring resistance to phenoxy proprionic acids andcyclohexones, such as sethoxydim and haloxyfop are the Acc1-S1, Acc1-S2and Acc1-S3 genes described by Marshall et al., Theor. Appl. Genet.83:435 (1992). GAT genes capable of conferring glyphosate resistance aredescribed in WO 2005012515 to Castle et al. Genes conferring resistanceto 2,4-D, fop and pyridyloxy auxin herbicides are described in WO2005107437 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/587,893, bothassigned to Dow AgroSciences LLC. Other representative genes includeAAD1 and AAD12.

C. An herbicide that inhibits photosynthesis, such as a triazine (psbAand gs+ genes) or a benzonitrile (nitrilase gene). Przibila et al.,Plant Cell 3:169 (1991), describe the transformation of Chlamydomonaswith plasmids encoding mutant psbA genes. Nucleotide sequences fornitrilase genes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,648 to Stalker, andDNA molecules containing these genes are available under ATCC AccessionNos. 53435, 67441, and 67442. Cloning and expression of DNA coding for aglutathione S-transferase is described by Hayes et al., Biochem. J.285:173 (1992).

3. Genes that Confer or Contribute to a Value-Added or Quality Trait,Such as:

A. Modified fatty acid metabolism, for example, by transforming a plantwith an antisense gene of stearyl-ACP desaturase to increase stearicacid content of the plant. See Knultzon et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.U.S.A. 89:2624 (1992).

B. Decreased phytate content—1) Introduction of a phytase-encoding genewould enhance breakdown of phytate, adding more free phosphate to thetransformed plant. For example, see Van Hartingsveldt et al., Gene127:87 (1993), for a disclosure of the nucleotide sequence of anAspergillus niger phytase gene. 2) A gene could be introduced thatreduced phytate content. In maize for example, this could beaccomplished by cloning and then reintroducing DNA associated with thesingle allele which is responsible for maize mutants characterized bylow levels of phytic acid. See Raboy et al., Maydica 35:383 (1990).

C. Modified carbohydrate composition effected, for example, bytransforming plants with a gene coding for an enzyme that alters thebranching pattern of starch. See Shiroza et al., J. Bacteol. 170:810(1988) (nucleotide sequence of Streptococcus mutantsfructosyltransferase gene); Steinmetz et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 20:220(1985) (nucleotide sequence of Bacillus subtilis levansucrase gene); Penet al., Bio/Technology 10:292 (1992) (production of transgenic plantsthat express Bacillus lichenifonnis α-amylase); Elliot et al., PlantMolec. Biol. 21:515 (1993) (nucleotide sequences of tomato invertasegenes); Sogaard et al., J. Biol. Chem. 268:22480 (1993) (site-directedmutagenesis of barley α-amylase gene); and Fisher et al., Plant Physiol.102:1045 (1993) (maize endosperm starch branching enzyme II).

D. Abiotic Stress Tolerance which includes resistance to non-biologicalsources of stress conferred by traits such as nitrogen utilizationefficiency, altered nitrogen responsiveness, drought resistance cold,and salt resistance. Genes that affect abiotic stress resistance(including but not limited to flowering, ear and seed development,enhancement of nitrogen utilization efficiency, altered nitrogenresponsiveness, drought resistance or tolerance, cold resistance ortolerance, and salt resistance or tolerance) and increased yield understress.

E. Quality Traits. The wheat produced from the present invention can beused to make a wheat product with any quality or healthy trait.

The wheat produced from the present invention can be used to makenumerous products. The white wheat produced can confer high quality to100% whole-wheat products. Whole-wheat products made from white wheathave a favorable appearance, when compared with similar products madefrom red wheat, since they have less pigmentation. Additionally, withfewer phenolic compounds and tannins in the bran, white wheat imparts aless bitter taste to the final product. Whole-wheat breads made withwhite wheat have a similar taste and appearance to bread made fromrefined red wheat flour. Therefore, substitution of white wheat for redwheat allows refining and bleaching of the flour to be reduced oreliminated, while still meeting consumers' expectations about thefinished product's characteristics. Grain quality (milling properties)of wheat is very important for its use in baking. Important millingproperties include relative hardness or softness, weight per bushel ofwheat (test weight), siftability of the flour, break flour yield,middlings flour yield, total flour yield, flour ash content, andwheat-to-flour protein conversion. Processing quality for flour is alsoimportant. Quality characteristics for flour from soft wheats includelow to medium-low protein content, low water absorption, production oflarge-diameter test cookies, and large volume cakes. Wheat glutenins andgliadins, which together confer the properties of elasticity andextensibility, play an important role in the grain quality. Changes inquality and quantity of these proteins change the end product for whichthe wheat can be used.

Introduction of a New Trait or Locus into HY 319-SWW

Variety HY 319-SWW represents a new base genetic variety into which anew locus or trait may be introgressed. Direct transformation andbackcrossing represent two important methods that can be used toaccomplish such an introgression. The term backcross conversion andsingle locus conversion are used interchangeably to designate theproduct of a backcrossing program.

Backcross Conversions of HY 319-SWW

A backcross conversion of HY 319-SWW occurs when DNA sequences areintroduced through backcrossing (Fehr, 1993), with HY 319-SWW utilizedas the recurrent parent. Both naturally occurring and transgenic DNAsequences may be introduced through backcrossing techniques. A backcrossconversion may produce a plant with a trait or locus conversion in atleast two or more backcrosses, including at least 2 crosses, at least 3crosses, at least 4 crosses, at least 5 crosses and the like. Molecularmarker assisted breeding or selection may be utilized to reduce thenumber of backcrosses necessary to achieve the backcross conversion. Forexample, see Openshaw, S. J. et al., Marker-assisted Selection inBackcross Breeding. In: Proceedings Symposium of the Analysis ofMolecular Data, August 1994, Crop Science Society of America, Corvallis,Oreg., where it is demonstrated that a backcross conversion can be madein as few as two backcrosses.

The complexity of the backcross conversion method depends on the type oftrait being transferred (single genes or closely linked genes as vs.unlinked genes), the level of expression of the trait, the type ofinheritance (cytoplasmic or nuclear) and the types of parents includedin the cross. It is understood by those of ordinary skill in the artthat for single gene traits that are relatively easy to classify, thebackcross method is effective and relatively easy to manage. (See Fehr,1993). Desired traits that may be transferred through backcrossconversion include, but are not limited to, sterility (nuclear andcytoplasmic), fertility restoration, nutritional enhancements, droughttolerance, nitrogen utilization, altered fatty acid profile, lowphytate, industrial enhancements, disease resistance (bacterial, fungalor viral), insect resistance and herbicide resistance. In addition, anintrogression site itself, such as an FRT site, Lox site or other sitespecific integration site, may be inserted by backcrossing and utilizedfor direct insertion of one or more genes of interest into a specificplant variety. In some embodiments of the invention, the number of locithat may be backcrossed into HY 319-SWW is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9 or 10. A single locus may contain several transgenes, such as atransgene for disease resistance that, in the same expression vector,also contains a transgene for herbicide resistance. The gene forherbicide resistance may be used as a selectable marker and/or as aphenotypic trait. A single locus conversion of site specific integrationsystem allows for the integration of multiple genes at the convertedloci.

The backcross conversion may result from either the transfer of adominant allele or a recessive allele. Selection of progeny containingthe trait of interest is accomplished by direct selection for a traitassociated with a dominant allele. Transgenes transferred viabackcrossing typically function as a dominant single gene trait and arerelatively easy to classify. Selection of progeny for a trait that istransferred via a recessive allele requires growing and selfing thefirst backcross generation to determine which plants carry the recessivealleles. Recessive traits may require additional progeny testing insuccessive backcross generations to determine the presence of the locusof interest. The last backcross generation is usually selfed to givepure breeding progeny for the gene(s) being transferred, although abackcross conversion with a stably introgressed trait may also bemaintained by further backcrossing to the recurrent parent withselection for the converted trait.

Along with selection for the trait of interest, progeny are selected forthe phenotype of the recurrent parent. The backcross is a form ofinbreeding, and the features of the recurrent parent are automaticallyrecovered after successive backcrosses. Poehlman, Breeding Field Crops,P. 204 (1987). Poehlman suggests from one to four or more backcrosses,but as noted above, the number of backcrosses necessary can be reducedwith the use of molecular markers. Other factors, such as a geneticallysimilar donor parent, may also reduce the number of backcrossesnecessary. As noted by Poehlman, backcrossing is easiest for simplyinherited, dominant and easily recognized traits.

One process for adding or modifying a trait or locus in wheat variety HY319-SWW comprises crossing HY 319-SWW plants grown from HY 319-SWW seedwith plants of another wheat variety that comprise the desired trait orlocus, selecting F₁ progeny plants that comprise the desired trait orlocus to produce selected F₁ progeny plants, crossing the selectedprogeny plants with the HY 319-SWW plants to produce backcross progenyplants, selecting for backcross progeny plants that have the desiredtrait or locus and the morphological characteristics of wheat variety HY319-SWW to produce selected backcross progeny plants; and backcrossingto HY 319-SWW three or more times in succession to produce selectedfourth or higher backcross progeny plants that comprise said trait orlocus. The above method may be utilized with fewer backcrosses inappropriate situations, such as when the donor parent is highly relatedor markers are used in the selection step. Desired traits that may beused include those nucleic acids known in the art, some of which arelisted herein, that will affect traits through nucleic acid expressionor inhibition. Desired loci include the introgression of FRT, Lox andother sites for site specific integration, which may also affect adesired trait if a functional nucleic acid is inserted at theintegration site.

In addition, the above process and other similar processes describedherein may be used to produce first generation progeny wheat seed byadding a step at the end of the process that comprises crossing HY319-SWW with the introgressed trait or locus with a different wheatplant and harvesting the resultant first generation progeny wheat seed.

A further embodiment of the invention is a backcross conversion of wheatvariety HY 319-SWW. A backcross conversion occurs when DNA sequences areintroduced through traditional (non-transformation) breeding techniques,such as backcrossing. DNA sequences, whether naturally occurring ortransgenes, may be introduced using these traditional breedingtechniques. Desired traits transferred through this process include, butare not limited to nutritional enhancements, industrial enhancements,disease resistance, insect resistance, herbicide resistance, agronomicenhancements, grain quality enhancement, waxy starch, breedingenhancements, seed production enhancements, and male sterility.Descriptions of some of the cytoplasmic male sterility genes, nuclearmale sterility genes, chemical hybridizing agents, male fertilityrestoration genes, and methods of using the aforementioned are discussedin “Hybrid Wheat” by K. A. Lucken (pp. 444-452 In Wheat and WheatImprovement, ed. Heyne, 1987). Examples of genes for other traitsinclude: Leaf rust resistance genes (Lr series such as Lr1, Lr10, Lr21,Lr22, Lr22a, Lr32, Lr37, Lr41, Lr42, and Lr43), Fusarium headblight-resistance genes (QFhs.ndsu-3B and QFhs.ndsu-2A), powdery mildewresistance genes (Pm21), common bunt resistance genes (Bt-10), and wheatstreak mosaic virus resistance gene (Wsm1), Russian wheat aphidresistance genes (Dn series such as Dn1, Dn2, Dn4, Dn5), Black stem rustresistance genes (Sr38), Yellow rust resistance genes (Yr series such asYr1, YrSD, Yrsu, Yr17, Yr15, YrH52), Aluminum tolerance genes (Alt(BH)),dwarf genes (Rht), vernalization genes (Vrn), Hessian fly resistancegenes (H9, H10, H21, H29), grain color genes (R/r), glyphosateresistance genes (EPSPS), glufosinate genes (bar, pat) and water stresstolerance genes (Hva1, mtlD). The trait of interest is transferred fromthe donor parent to the recurrent parent, in this case, the wheat plantdisclosed herein. Single gene traits may result from either the transferof a dominant allele or a recessive allele. Selection of progenycontaining the trait of interest is done by direct selection for a traitassociated with a dominant allele. Selection of progeny for a trait thatis transferred via a recessive allele requires growing and selfing thefirst backcross to determine which plants carry the recessive alleles.Recessive traits may require additional progeny testing in successivebackcross generations to determine the presence of the gene of interest.

Using HY 319-SWW to Develop Other Wheat Varieties

Wheat varieties such as HY 319-SWW are typically developed for use inseed and grain production. However, wheat varieties such as HY 319-SWWalso provide a source of breeding material that may be used to developnew wheat varieties. Plant breeding techniques known in the art and usedin a wheat plant breeding program include, but are not limited to,recurrent selection, mass selection, bulk selection, mass selection,backcrossing, pedigree breeding, open pollination breeding, restrictionfragment length polymorphism enhanced selection, genetic marker enhancedselection, making double haploids, and transformation. Oftencombinations of these techniques are used. The development of wheatvarieties in a plant breeding program requires, in general, thedevelopment and evaluation of homozygous varieties. There are manyanalytical methods available to evaluate a new variety. The oldest andmost traditional method of analysis is the observation of phenotypictraits but genotypic analysis may also be used.

The examples presented herein are provided for illustrative purposesonly and not to limit the scope of any embodiment of the presentinvention.

EXAMPLES

Deposit of the wheat cultivar HY 319-SWW disclosed above and recited inthe appended claims has been made with the American Type CultureCollection (ATCC), 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, Va. 20110. Thedate of deposit was Mar. 18, 2013. All restrictions upon the deposithave been removed, and the deposit is intended to meet all of therequirements of 37 C.F.R. §1.801-1.809. The ATCC accession number for HY319-SWW is PTA-13627. The deposit will be maintained in the depositoryfor a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the last request, or for theeffective life of the patent, whichever is longer, and will be replacedas necessary during that period.

Cultivar HY 319-SWW is a doubled-haploid (maize pollinator) soft whitewinter wheat developed from a cross made in 2000-2001. The F₁-deriveddoubled-haploid line was planted in a single nursery row (1 meter long)in the fall of 2002. It entered a single replicate observation trial inthe fall of 2003 and remained in Ontario registration trials through2008-2009. Thirteen of the 20 stations reported were from independenttesters.

Cultivar HY 319-SWW is adapted to northeastern United States and easternCanada, and HY 319-SWW has shown uniformity and stability for alltraits. Cultivar HY 319-SWW is a doubled-haploid and self pollinated toensure homozygosity and phenotypic stability. No variant traits havebeen observed or are expected in HY 319-SWW. As described in Table 1,characteristics of cultivar HY 319-SWW are directly compared to severalother soft white winter wheat cultivars that are well known in the NorthAmerican wheat-production industry. Most of the data for thecharacteristics in Table 1 were derived from field plots where thesecultivars were grown at the same time and locations so that any possibleenvironmental effects on these specific characteristics were equivalent(“controlled”) across cultivars.

TABLE 1 Morphology and Other Characteristics of HY 319-SWW Compared ToCheck Cultivars Characteristic HY 319-SWW Ava Superior CaledoniaSEEDLING CHARACTERISTICS (4-leaf stage) Coleoptile anthocyanincoloration 1 1 1 (Absent = 1, Reddish = 5, Purple = 7, Mixed = 9)Juvenile growth habit (Erect = 1, Semi- 2 3 5 erect = 3, Intermediate =5, Semi-prostrate = 7, Prostrate = 0) Pubescence on sheaths of lower 1-24-7 1 leaves (Glabrous = 1, Slightly Pubescent = 4, Strongly Pubescent =7) Pubescence on blades of lower 2-3 4 1 leaves (Glabrous = 1, SlightlyPubescent = 4, Strongly Pubescent = 7) Color of lower leaf blade (Light2 2 2 Green = 1, Medium Green = 2, Dark Green = 3, Blue Green = 4)Tillering capacity at low densities 9 9 9 (Low = 1, High = 9) FLAG-LEAFCHARACTERISTICS Color (Light Green = 1, Medium Green = 2, 2 2-3 2 DarkGreen = 3, Blue Green = 4) Pubescence of blade (Glabrous = 1, 1 1 1Slightly Pubescent = 4, Strongly Pubescent = 7) Waxiness of lower sideof blade 1 5-7 5 (Absent = 1, Slight = 5, Pronounced = 9) Sheath waxybloom (Absent = 1, 3-5 5-7 5 Slight = 5, Pronounced = 9) Sheathpubescence (Glabrous = 1, 1-2 1 1 Slightly Pubescent = 4, StronglyPubescent = 7) Width (Narrow = 3, Medium = 5, Wide = 7) 4-5 4 3 Length(Short = 3, Medium = 5, Long = 7) 4 5 5 Curvature (Rectilinear = 1,Slightly 3-5 3-5 5 Recurved = 3, Recurved = 5, Strongly Recurved = 7,Very Strongly Recurved = 9) Attitude (Drooping = 3, Intermediate = 5, 43-4 5 Upright = 7) Auricles anthocyanin coloration 1 1 1 (Absent = 1,Present = 9) Auricles pubescence of margins 4 4 4 (Glabrous = 1,Slightly Pubescent = 4, Strongly Pubescent = 7) PLANT CHARACTERISTICS(after heading) Maturity (days to heading + 42) 194.5 195.4 194.0 Height(stem plus spike excluding awns, in 38.0 37.4 35.0 inches) Culm shape ofneck at maturity 2-3 1 1 (Straight = 1, Curved = 9) Culm waxiness ofupper internode 5-9 5 9 (Absent = 1, Slight = 5, Pronounced = 9) Culmpubescence of upper 1 1 1 internode (Glabrous = 1, Slightly Pubescent =4, Strongly Pubescent = 7) Rachis pubescence of margins 5-6 4-5 7(Glabrous = 1, Slightly Pubescent = 4, Strongly Pubescent = 7) Strawanthocyanin coloration at 2-3 1 maturity (Absent = 1, Medium = 4, Strong= 7) Straw pith (Hollow = 1, Thick Walled = 5, 1 1 1 Solid = 9) Stemcolor at maturity (White = 1, 1 1 1 Yellow = 2, Brown = 3, Purple = 4,Other Specified = 5) SPIKE CHARACTERISTICS Spike shape (Tapering = 1,Oblong = 2, 1 1 1 Clavate = 3, Fusiform = 4, Other Specified = 5) Spikeattitude at maturity (Erect = 1, 1 1 5 Inclined = 5, Nodding = 9) Spikedensity (Lax = 3, Medium = 5, 4 4-5 5 Dense = 7) Spike length excludingawns, first 6 6-7 7 tiller (Short = 3, Medium = 5, Long = 7) Spike waxybloom (Absent = 1, siight = 5, 4-6 4 4-7 Pronounced = 9) Spike color atmaturity (White = 1, Red 1 1 1 to Brown = 2, Purple to Black = 3, OtherSpecified = 4) Spike awnedness (Awnless = 1, Apically 2-3 1-2 2Awnletted = 2, Awnletted = 3, Awned = 4) Awn length in relation to spike(NA, 1 1 1 Shorter = 1, Equal = 2, Longer = 3) GLUME CHARACTERISTICSLower-glume width (Narrow = 3, 5 4 5 Medium = 5, Wide = 7) Lower-glumelength (Short = 3, 5 3-4 5 Medium = 5, Long = 7) Lower-glume pubescence2-3 1-2 1-2 (Glabrous = 1, Slightly Pubescent = 4, Strongly Pubescent =7) Lower-glume shape of shoulder 2-3 1-2 3 (Wanting = 1, Oblique = 2,Rounded = 3, Square = 4, Elevated = 5, Apiculate = 6) Lower-glumeshoulder width 5-7 3 5 (Narrow = 3, Medium = 5, Wide = 7) Lower-glumeshape of beak 2 1 1 (Obtuse = 1, Acute = 2, Acuminate = 3) Lower-glumebeak length (Short = 3, 3-4 3-5 5 Medium = 5, Long = 7) Lower-glumeinternal imprint 5-7 1 7 (Absent = 1, Small = 3, Medium = 5, Large = 7)Chaff color at maturity (White = 1, 1 1 1 Yellow = 2, Light Brown = 3,Brown = 4, Red = 5, Purple = 6, Other Specified = 7) KERNELCHARACTERISTICS Kernel type (Soft white = 1, Soft Red = 2, 1 1 1 HardWhite = 3, Hard Red = 4, Other Specified = 5) Kernel Color (White = 1,Light Red = 2, 1 1 1 Medium Red = 3, Dark Red = 4, Amber = 5, Purple =6, Other Specified = 7) Kernel size ( Small = 3, Medium = 5, 4-5 3-5 5Large = 7, Very Large = 9) Kernel length (Short = 3, Medium = 5, 6 5 5Long = 7) Kernel width (Narrow = 3, Medium = 5, 5 5 5 Wide = 7) Kernelweight (grams per 1000 kernels) 43.5 36.5  40.5 Kernel shape (Oval = 1,Ovate = 2, 2 1 1-2 Elliptical = 3, Other Specified = 4) Kernel cheekshape (Rounded = 1, 1 1 1 Slightly Angular = 3, Angular = 5) Kernellength of brush hairs (Short = 3, 3 3-5 5 Medium = 5, Long = 7) Kernelsize of brush (Small = 3, 3-5 3-5 5-7 Medium = 5, Large = 7) Germ(embryo) shape (Round = 1, 1-2 1 2-3 Oval = 2, Other Specified = 3) Germ(embryo) size (Small = 3, 5 7 5-6 Midsize = 5, Large = 7) Kernel creasewidth (Narrow = 3, 3-5 5 5 Midwide = 5, Wide = 7) Kernel crease depth(Shallow = 1, Mid- 1-2 1-2 2 deep = 2, Deep = 3, Pitted = 4, OtherSpecified = 5) AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS Shattering (Not Tested = 0,Poor = 3, Fair = 5, 7 7 7 Good = 7) Drought tolerance (Not Tested = 0, 75-7 7 Poor = 3, Fair = 5, Good = 7) Winter Survival (Poor = 3, Fair = 5,Good = 7) 7 7 7 Pre-harvest sprouting (Not Tested = 0, 0 0 0 Low = 3,Medium = 5, High = 7) REACTION TO DISEASE (Resistant = 1, ModeratelyResistant = 3, Tolerant = 5, Moderately Susceptible = 7, Susceptible =9) Septoria tritici leaf blotch 2.2 3.9 5.1 Powdery mildew 2.4 1.5 3.1Leaf rust 0.5 1.7 3.5 Stripe rust 0.3 0.5 1.0 Deoxynivalenol (DON)(parts per 21.6 5.1 22.9 million in grain) Fusarium head blight(percentage 30.1 20.3 38.2 overall infection) REACTION TO CHEMICALSHerbicides—Buctril ® M No Reaction No Reaction No ReactionFungicides—Quilt ®, Prosaro ® No Reaction No Reaction No ReactionQUALITY CHARACTERISTICS Bread quality (NA = 0, Poor = 3, Fair = 5, 0 0 0Good = 7) Pastry and biscuit quality (NA = 0, 7 7 7 Poor = 3, Fair = 5,Good = 7) Macaroni quality (NA = 0, Poor = 3, Fair = 5, 0 0 0 Good = 7)Wheat protein (percentage) 6.9 6.4 6.5

Cultivar HY 319-SWW is 4.4% higher yielding than the mean of the checks(Superior and Emmit) over 18 station years, 2006-2009. Cultivar HY319-SWW out-yielded both checks in 11 of the 18 stations used for yield,but was similar to the checks for test weight and lodging (Table 2). HY319-SWW has an erect stalk that resists lodging.

TABLE 2 Yield, Test Weight, and Lodging of Cultivar HY 319-SWW Comparedto Check Cultivars Over 4 Years (2006-2009) Number of 18 20 6 LocationsGrain Test Weight Yield (lb/Winchester Lodging Cultivars (kg/ha)¹ bu)²(0 to 9) HY 319-SWW 6261 57.0 0.3 Superior 5807 56.2 1.3 Emmit 6187 57.60.5 Check Mean 5997 56.9 0.9 ¹kilogram/hectare × 0.88 = bushels/acre²(pound/Winchester bushel × 1.292) + 1.319 = kilogram/hectoliter

Cultivar HY 319-SWW is similar to the check cultivar Superior in kernelcharacteristics except it has larger kernels as evident by the heavier1000 kernel weight (Table 3).

TABLE 3 Kernel (Grain) Characteristics of Cultivar HY 319-SWW Comparedto a Check Cultivar Over 2 Years (2008-2009) and Total of 9 LocationsTest Weight Kernel Kernel Grain (lb/Win- Weight Hardness Pro- GrainFalling ches- (g/1000 (Index: −20 tein Ash Number Cultivars ter bu)¹kernels) to 120) (%) (%) (seconds) HY 319- 60.8 48.7 72.9 10.5 1.5 286.0SWW Superior 59.1 40.3 74.1 10.4 1.5 228.0 ¹(pound/Winchester bushel ×1.292) + 1.319 = kilogram/hectoliter

Flour produced from the grain of HY 319-SWW has excellent biscuit andpastry applications, comparable to those of the cultivar Superior (Table4).

TABLE 4 Flour Characteristics of Cultivar HY 319-SWW Compared to a CheckCultivar Over 2 Years (2008-2009) and Total of 9 Locations Flour FlourFlour Protein Cookie Yield Ash Protein Difference¹ Spread CookieCultivars (%) (%) (%) (%) (cm) W/T² HY 319-SWW 74.1 0.5 9.1 1.5 8.7 10.8Superior 75.3 0.5 9.3 1.2 8.4 10.4 ¹Difference between grain and flourprotein contents. ²Cookie width to thickness ratio.

In summary, wheat cultivar HY 319-SWW is a soft white winter wheatadapted to northeastern United States and eastern Canada. HY 319-SWW isnoted for its high grain yield, good kernel weight, good resistance tolodging, and good resistance to a variety of fungal diseases, whilemeeting industry standards for other agronomic, grain, and bakingcharacteristics.

The foregoing invention has been described in detail by way ofillustration and example for purposes of clarity and understanding.However, it will be obvious that certain changes and modifications suchas single locus modifications and mutations, somoclonal variants,variant individuals selected from large populations of the plants of theinstant variety and the like may be practiced within the scope of theinvention.

All references, including publications, patents, and patentapplications, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to thesame extent as if each reference were individually and specificallyindicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in itsentirety herein. The references discussed herein are provided solely fortheir disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application.Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the inventors arenot entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A seed of soft white winter wheat cultivardesignated HY 319-SWW, representative seed of said variety having beendeposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-13627.
 2. A wheat plant, or partthereof, produced by growing the seed of claim
 1. 3. A tissue culture ofregenerable cells produced from the plant of claim
 2. 4. A protoplastproduced from the tissue culture of claim
 3. 5. The tissue culture ofclaim 3, wherein the cells of the tissue culture are from a plant partselected from the group consisting of meristematic tissue, anthers,leaves, embryos, pollen, kernel, head, stem, root, root tip, ovule, andflower.
 6. A wheat plant regenerated from the tissue culture of claim 3,said plant having all the morphological and physiologicalcharacteristics of wheat variety HY 319-SWW.
 7. Grain harvested from theplant of claim
 2. 8. A grain product produced from grain harvested fromclaim
 7. 9. A method for producing an F1 wheat seed, comprising crossingthe plant of claim 2, with a different wheat plant and harvesting theresulting F1 wheat seed.
 10. A method of producing a male-sterile wheatplant comprising transforming the wheat plant of claim 2, with a nucleicacid molecule that confers male sterility.
 11. A method of producing anherbicide-resistant, insect-resistant, or abiotic-stress-tolerant wheatplant comprising transforming the wheat plant of claim 2, with atransgene that confers herbicide resistance, insect resistance, diseaseor abiotic stress tolerance.
 12. An herbicide-resistant wheat plantproduced by the method of claim
 11. 13. An insect-resistant wheat plantproduced by the method of claim
 11. 14. An abiotic-stress-tolerant wheatplant produced by the method of claim
 11. 15. The wheat plant of claim13, wherein the transgene encodes a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin.16. A method of producing a wheat plant with modified fatty acidmetabolism, modified protein metabolism or modified carbohydratemetabolism comprising transforming the wheat plant of claim 2 with atransgene encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting ofmodified glutenins, gliadins, stearyl-ACP-desaturase,fructosyltransferase, levansucrase, alpha-amylase, invertase and starchbranching enzyme.
 17. A method of introducing a desired trait into wheatvariety HY 319-SWW comprising: (a) crossing HY 319-SWW plants grown fromHY 319-SWW seed, representative seed of which has been deposited underATCC Accession No. PTA-13627, with plants of another wheat line thatcomprise a desired trait to produce F1 progeny plants, wherein thedesired trait is selected from the group consisting of male sterility,herbicide resistance, insect resistance, disease resistance and waxystarch; (b) selecting F1 progeny plants that have the desired trait toproduce selected F1 progeny plants; (c) crossing the selected progenyplants with the HY 319-SWW plants to produce backcross progeny plants;(d) selecting for backcross progeny plants that have the desired traitand physiological and morphological characteristics of wheat variety HY319-SWW to produce selected backcross progeny plants; and (e) repeatingsteps (c) and (d) three or more times in succession to produce selectedfourth or higher backcross progeny plants that comprise the desiredtrait and all of the physiological and morphological characteristics ofwheat variety HY 319-SWW.
 18. A wheat plant produced by the method ofclaim 17, wherein the plant has the desired trait and all of thephysiological and morphological characteristics of wheat cultivar HY319-SWW.
 19. A disease resistant wheat plant produced by the method ofclaim 17.